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Turabian citation generator: footnotes and bibliography

Turabian is the Chicago Manual of Style adapted for student papers, theses and dissertations. Most students use its notes and bibliography form. WriteOrbit writes the footnotes and the bibliography for you.

Your list

Sources you add appear here, formatted in your style.

Your list stays in this browser. Copy keeps italics when you paste into Word or Google Docs. Check every citation against the source.

Turabian example

The 1953 paper in which Watson and Crick described the structure of DNA (DOI 10.1038/171737a0), cited in Turabian.

In the text

Footnote
A superscript number in the text, with the note at the foot of the page.

First footnote

1. J. D. Watson and F. H. C. Crick, “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid,” Nature 171, no. 4356 (1953): 737, https://doi.org/10.1038/171737a0.

Bibliography

Watson, J. D., and F. H. C. Crick. “Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid.” Nature 171, no. 4356 (1953): 737–38. https://doi.org/10.1038/171737a0.

Turabian format for common sources

Book (bibliography)
Last, First. Title of the Book. Place: Publisher, Year.
Web page (bibliography)
Last, First. “Title of the Page.” Website Name. Month Day, Year. URL.

Main Turabian rules

  • A note gives names in normal order and separates parts with commas; the bibliography reverses the first name and uses full stops.
  • After the first note for a source, use a short note: Watson and Crick, “Molecular Structure,” 737.
  • Use title case, quotation marks for article titles and italics for books and journals.

Your course, publisher or university may change these rules. When they differ, follow them.

How to use it

  1. Find the source

    Paste a DOI or search by title, or enter a website, book or other source by hand.

  2. Pick a style

    APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, AMA, IEEE or any of over 10,000 styles.

  3. Copy

    Copy the reference and the in-text citation. Add more sources to build a list.

Good to know

  • A citation is only as good as its record. Check names, dates and capitalisation for unusual sources.
  • Your list stays in this browser. Sign in to keep references with your documents.

Questions

More in the help center.

Turabian or Chicago?

Turabian is for students and follows Chicago closely. Use Turabian when your course names it; the citations will match Chicago’s.

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